CLINICAL RESEARCH
Factors that may influence the score in the College Admission Test in China
More details
Hide details
Submission date: 2017-02-07
Final revision date: 2017-03-09
Acceptance date: 2017-03-09
Publication date: 2017-03-27
Arch Med Sci Civil Dis 2017;2(1):50-54
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Many factors may influence the score of the College Admission Test. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors that may predict students’ scores in the College Admission Test in China.
Material and methods: We sent out 1000 questionnaires which consisted of the following items: objective data on demographic factors, their scores of the test, the year they attended the test, whether they took a set of “art” subjects or a set of “science” subjects, the monthly salary of the whole family, the highest academic degree obtained by the father and mother, the history of past operations and the name and the times of operations undergone, as well as the type of anesthesia received by those who took the College Admission Test.
Results: Univariate analyses showed that age, gender, household income, parental education, and anesthesia history may influence College Admission Test scores. These variables were subsequently entered into the multivariate linear regression model. Students with a history of local anesthesia are predicted to have a score 8.1 points lower than the average (–8.1, 95% CI: –15, –1) and this effect is statistically significant (p = 0.025). Students with a history of general anesthesia are also predicted to have lower scores (–2.8, 95% CI: –16, 10.2) than the average, but the difference is not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The present findings suggest that the scores in the College Admission Test may be associated with age, gender, father’s education and the use of local anesthetics. Ever receiving local anesthesia had a negative impact on College Admission Test scores.
REFERENCES (13)
1.
Ing CH, DiMaggio CJ, Malacova E, et al. Comparative analysis of outcome measures used in examining neurodevelopmental effects of early childhood anesthesia exposure. Anesthesiology 2014; 120: 1319-32.
2.
Hansen TG. Anesthesia-related neurotoxicity and the developing animal brain is not a significant problem in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25: 65-72.
3.
Zheng H, Dong Y, Xu Z, et al. Sevoflurane anesthesia in pregnant mice induces neurotoxicity in fetal and offspring mice. Anesthesiology 2013; 118: 516-26.
4.
Vutskits L, Gascon E, Tassonyi E, Kiss JZ. Clinically relevant concentrations of propofol but not midazolam alter in vitro dendritic development of isolated gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive interneurons. Anesthesiology 2005; 102: 970-76.
5.
Wang W, Zhang Z, Shang J, et al. Activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors induces long-term depression in the hippocampal CAl region of adult rats in vitro. Neurosci Res 2008; 62: 43-50.
6.
Berns M, Zacharias R, Seeberg L, Schmidt M, Kerner T. Effects of sevofurrane on primary neuronal cultures of embryonic rats. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2009; 26: 597-602.
7.
Pham X, Smith KR, Sheppard SJ, Bradshaw C, Lo E, Davidson AJ. Implicit memory formation during routine anesthesia in children: a double-masked randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology 2010; 112: 1097-104.
8.
Yin J, Wang SL, Liu XB. The effects of general anaesthesia on memory in children: a comparison between propofol and sevoflurane. Anaesthesia 2014; 69: 118-23.
9.
Taqhon TA, Masunqa AN, Small RH, Kashou NH. A comparison of functional magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with and without a history of early exposure to general anesthesia. Paediatric Anaesth 2015; 25: 239-46.
10.
Wang C, Sadovova N, Fu X, et al. The role often methylas partate receptor in ketamine induced apoptosis in rat forebrain culture. Neuroscience 2005; 132: 967-77.
11.
Backeljauw B, Holland SK, Altaye M, Loepke AW. Cognition and brain structure following early childhood surgery with anesthesia. Pediatrics 2015; 136: e1-12.
12.
Kalkman CJ, Peelen L, Moons KG, et al. Behavior and development in children and age at the time of first anesthetic exposure. Anesthesiology 2009; 110: 805-12.
13.
Wilder RT, Flick RP, Sprung J, et al. Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort. Anesthesiology 2009; 110: 796-804.